Geomorphology - Grade 11
Task 4
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Refer to the following figure showing a canyon landscape. Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. (Questions 1 to 5)
Canyon landscapes develop in tilted sedimentary rock.
True
False
Downward erosion is the main erosion process responsible for the development of a canyon.
True
False
Canyon slopes are uniformly shaped.
True
False
A canyon is typically wide at the surface and narrow at its base.
True
False
The youngest rock layers are found near the base of the canyon.
True
False
The following figure below illustrates a structural landscape typically found in the Karoo. (Question 6 to 11)
What evidence in the figure suggests that landforms P and Q developed from the same landform that existed earlier?
P - Mesa
Dolerite
Sandstone
None of the above
Which rock type in the figure is the most resistant to erosion?
Shale
Sandstone
Dolerite
None of the above
Describe how landform P will change into landform Q.
Wind and water erode the soft rock underneath the hard rock
After a while the hard rock will collapse because the underlying structure can’t support the hard rock anymore
Butte is then formed.
All of the above
The landscape illustrated in the figure above is associated with … rock.
massive igneous
horizontal sedimentary
tilted igneous
tilted sedimentary
Slope element Z is the …
crest.
cliff
talus.
pediment.
The landscape is typical of … regions in South Africa.
humid and hot
dry and hot
humid and cold
dry and cold
Refer to the structural landform and answer the following questions. (Questions 12 to 15)
Identify the landforms A, B and C and name the process that is responsible for the formation of these landforms.
A – mesa; B - butte; C - conical hill
A – butte; B - mesa; C - conical hill
A – conical hill; B - mesa; C - butte
None of the above
Give ONE difference between land-forms B and C.
B is flat topped hill and C is pointed top hill
B has a resistant cap and C the resistant cap is removed
1 and 2
None of the above
Explain why landform E is not suitable for human activities.
Inaccessibility
Slope is too steep
No topsoil
All the above
Describe the human and economic importance of landform D
Poor quality of the soil makes the cliff unsuitable for agriculture
The instability of the cliff restricts commercial activities.
To stabilise the slope is expensive.
All the above
Refer to the figure below, a photograph showing an example of inclined rock strata. (Questions 16 to 18)
Explain how rocks are bent in this type of landscape.
Faulting or folding causes the strata to be tilted.
When mine companies drill holes in the strata.
When it rains consistently for months.
None of the above.
Identify the type of Cuesta evident in the photograph.
Hogsback
Cuesta - Butte
Cuesta - dome
Ridge
The angle of a hogsback dip slope is...
25 degrees to 45 degrees.
more than 45 degrees.
less than 25 degrees.
the angle where rivers cut poorts in a ridge.
Discuss how inclined strata can be of economic value for a country.
Inclined strata can be used for recreational activities.
Farming and forestry can generate an income for the country when products can be exported.
Inclined strata can attract tourists and generate an income for the country.
All the above.
Briefly describe the scarp slope.
Layers of rock.
Homoclinal ridge where the slope is 10° - 25°.
The gentle slope of a homoclinic ridge.
The steep slope of a homoclinic ridge.
How can homoclinal ridges be identified on a topographical map?
The contour lines at the scarp slope will be steep.
The contour lines at the scarp slope will be more gradual.
The contour lines at the scarp slope will be far apart.
All the above.
In the past, the the slope of a cuesta dome was used for protection of the inhabitants of a settlement.
True
False
The slopes of inclined strata are very steep. Explain what can be done to prevent rock falling and landslides in this area.
Reserve vegetation on slopes.
Don't construct channels to drain excess water off the slopes.
Don't fasten unstable rocks.
None of the above.
Study the following figure which depicts the various igneous intrusion forms to answer the following questions. (Questions 24 to 25)
Identify the igneous intrusive features labelled A, B and C.
A - Laccolith; B - Batholith; C - Pipe.
A - Batholith; B - Laccolith; C - Pipe.
A - Pipe; B - Laccolith; C - Batholith.
A - Batholith; B - Pipe; C - Laccolith
Explain how a lopolith is formed.
When magma is squeezed between layers of rock deep underground, the heat and pressure of the large body of magma causes the underlying rocks to sag.
This allows the magma to cool and solidify in a dish slope or saucer shape.
1 and 2.
None of the above.
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